Bird Speciest List 1 – Laguna Lagarto Ecolodge

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Bird Species List

The area covered by this checklist includes the road from Pital to the Lodge, surrounding roads to neighboring farms; the Rio San Carlos near the lodge to the Rio San Juan; a small portion of the Rio San Juan near Boca San Carlos. Habitats included are primary and secondary rainforest, rivers and streams, riverine forest, sandbars and mudflats, pastureland, plantations, gardens, weedy roadsides and fields. This list shows the many bird species you may encounter on a 3-5 day visit as you explore the excellent birding spots at and nearby the lodge. The codes reflect the chances an average birder will have at observing or hearing a particular species. Keep in mind that some resident breeding birds (e.g. Great Green Macaw) become relatively scarce or entirely absent seasonally. It should also be noted that this part of northern Costa Rica contains a wide variety of birds (390 species on this list) owing to many microhabitats within the general habitats listed above. For example, some species (e.g. Agami Heron) are found only in the quiet backwaters of rainforest lagoons. Many other bird species of the rainforest have a unique and often limited set of ecological requirements. Thus, by visiting a variety of habitats and paying attention to subtle changes within a particular habitat, the careful observer may be rewarded with sightings of some rare and beautiful species.
Status Codes:
1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = ? =	Permanent resident Wintering species (Sept.- April) Passant migrant only – usually spring & fall Sporadic visitor-from up slope or elsewhere Out of normal range, accidental status unclear, more data needed
Sighting Frequency Codes:
C FC U R VR X	= Common. Seen or heard daily. = Fairly common. Usually seen or heard daily. = Uncommon. May be seen weekly but could be missed. = Rare. Seen or heard monthly; local and/or secretive habits. = Very rare. Low population numbers; difficult to find, even in the right habitat. = Occasional. Unexpected; fewer than 5 documented occurrences.

Tinamidae
1 C 1 C 1 FC	Great Tinamou Little Tinamou Slaty-breasted Tinamou	Tinamus major Crypturellus soui Crypturellus boucardi
Anatidae
4 U 1 U 2 R	Black-bellied Whistling Duck Muscovy Duck Blue-winged Teal	Dendrocygna autumnalis Cairina moschata Anas discors
Cracidae
1 X 1 U 1 R	Gray-headed Chachalaca Crested Guan Great Currasow	Ortalis cinereiceps Penelope purpurascens Crax rubra
Odontophoridae
1 R	Tawny-faced Quail	Rhynchortyx cinctus
Podicipedidae
? X	Least Grebe	Tachybaptus dominicus
Ciconiidae
4 R	Wood Stork	Mycteria americana
Fregatidae
5 X	Magnificent Frigatebird	Fregata magnificens
Phalacrocoracidae
1 FC	Phalacrocorax brasilianus	Phalacrocorax brasilianus
Anhingidae
1 FC	Anhinga	Anhinga anhinga
Pelecanidae
5 X	Brown Pelican	Pelecanus occidentalis
Ardeidae
? X ? X 1 R 1 R 2 FC 2 FC 2 FC 2 C 4 U 1 C 1 C 1 R X R 4 R 1 R	Pinnated Bittern Least Bittern Rufescent Tiger Heron Bare-throated Tiger Heron Great Blue Heron Great Egret Snowy Egret Little Blue Heron Tricolored Heron Cattle Egret Green Heron Agami Heron Black-crowned Night Heron Yellow-crowned Night Heron Boat-billed Heron	Botaurus pinnatus Ixobrychus exilis Tigrisoma lineatum Tigrisoma mexicanum Ardea herodius Ardea alba Egretta thula Egretta caerulea Egretta tricolor Bubulcus ibis Butorides virescens Agamia agami Nycticorax nycticorax Nyctanassa violacea Cochlearius cochlearius
Threskiornithidae
1 U	Green Ibis	Mesembrinibis cayennensis
Cathartidae
1 C 1 C 4 X 1 U	Black Vulture Turkey Vulture Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture King Vulture	Coragyps atratus Cathartes aura Cathartes burrovianus Sarcoramphus papa
Pandionidae
2 C	Osprey	Pandion haliaetus
Accipitridae
1 R 1 X 2 U 1 U 3 R 1 U 3 VR 3 U 1 VR 2 X ? VR 2 X 1 VR 1 X 1 R 1 R 1 U 1 R 1 R 2 C 1 FC 1 FC 3 U 1 X 1 R 1 VR 1 VR 1 R 1 U 4 X 4 X 1 FC 1 FC 2 R	Gray-headed Kite Hook-billed Kite Swallow-tailed Kite White-tailed Kite Snail Kite Double-toothed Kite Mississippi Kite Plumbeous Kite Black- collared Hawk Northern Harrier Tiny Hawk Sharp-shinned Bicolored Hawk Crane Hawk Barred Hawk Semiplumbeous Hawk White Hawk Great Black Hawk Roadside Hawk Broad-winged Hawk Gray Hawk Short-tailed Hawk Swainson’s Hawk Zone-tailed Hawk Black Hawk- Eagle Black and White Hawk- Eagle Ornate Hawk- Eagle Slaty-backed Forest Falcon Collared Forest Falcon Red-throated Caracara Crested Caracara Laughing Falcon Bat Falcon Peregrine Falcon	Leptodon cayanensis Chondrohierax uncinatus Elanoides forficatus Elanus leucurus Rostrhamus sociabilis Harpagus bidentatus Ictinia mississippiensis Ictinia plumbea Busarellus nigricollis Circus cyaneus Accipiter superciliosus Hawk Accipiter striatus Accipiter bicolor Geranospiza caerulescens Leucopternis princeps Leucopternis semiplumbeus Leucopternis albicollis Buteogallus urubitinga Buteo magnirostris Buteo platypterus Buteo nitidus Buteo brachyurus Buteo swainsoni Buteo albonotatus Spizeatus tyrannus Spizaetus melanoleucus Spizaetus ornatus Micrastur mirandollei Micrastur semitorquatus Ibycter americanus Caracara cheriway Herpetotheres cachinnans Falco rufigularis Falco peregrinus
Eurypygidae
1 X	Sunbittern	Eurypyga helias
Rallidae
1 X 1 FC 1 R 1 U 1 VR ? X 1 FC 1 R	Ruddy Crake White-throated Crake Gray-breasted Crake Gray-necked Woodrail Uniform Crake Yellow-breasted Crake Purple Gallinule Common Gallinule	Laterallus ruber Laterallus albigularis Laterallus exilis Aramides cajanea Amaurolimnas concolor Porzana flaviventer Porphyrio martinica Gallinula galeata
Heliornithidae
1 R	Sungrebe	Heliornis fulica
Charadriidae
5 X 4 X ? X 2 VR	Southern Lapwing Collared Plover Wilson’s Plover Killdeer	Vanellus chilensis Charadrius collaris Charadrius wilsonia Charadrius vociferus
Recurvirostridae
2 R	Black-necked Stilt	Himantopus mexicanus
Jacanidae
1 C	Northern Jacana	Jacana spinosa
Scolopacidae
2 C 2 VR 2 X 2 X	Spotted Sandpiper Solitary Sandpiper Willet Short-billed Dowitcher	Actitis macularius Tringa solitaria Tringa semipalmata Limnodromus griseus

Acknoledgements This bird list represents the latest revision (2012) following the previous editions of 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2002. In addition to my field studies in the region (1997-2012), the LDL bird list is the result of many hours of field observations by several experienced ornithologists and other biologists working in the area during the past twenty years. Indeed, the LDL bird list continues to be a collaborative effort and is a significant contribution to ornithology in northern Costa Rica. I am indebted to the following individuals for their excellent work (in alphabetical order): Oscar Artavia, Didier Castro, Mark Digirolamo, Adolfo Gonzalez, Tyler Hicks, Dan Keller, Gerard Phillips, and Nicholas Wilkinson.

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Bird Species List
Status Codes:
1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = ? =	Permanent resident Wintering species (Sept.- April) Passant migrant only – usually spring & fall Sporadic visitor-from up slope or elsewhere Out of normal range, accidental status unclear, more data needed
Sighting Frequency Codes:
C FC U R VR X	= Common. Seen or heard daily. = Fairly common. Usually seen or heard daily. = Uncommon. May be seen weekly but could be missed. = Rare. Seen or heard monthly; local and/or secretive habits. = Very rare. Low population numbers; difficult to find, even in the right habitat. = Occasional. Unexpected; fewer than 5 documented occurrences.

Laridae
4 R 2 X VR 2 X 4 X	Laughing Gull Ring-billed Gull Herring Gull Caspian Tern Black Skimmer	Leucophaeus atricilla Larus delawarensis Larus argentatus Hydroprogne caspia Rynchops niger
Columbidae
1 R 1 R 1 VR 1 C 1 C 1 X 1 R 1 FC 1 U 1 R 4 R 1 U 1 R 1 R	Rock Pigeon Pale-vented Pigeon Scaled Pigeon Red-billed Pigeon Short-billed Pigeon Inca Dove Common Ground Dove Ruddy Ground Dove Blue Ground Dove Plain-breasted Ground Dove White-tipped Dove Gray-chested Dove Olive-backed Quail-Dove Ruddy Quail-Dove	Columba livia Patagioenas cayennensis Patagioenas speciosa Patagioenas flavirostris Patagioenas nigrirostris Columbina inca Columbina passerina Columbina talpacoti Claravis pretiosa Columbina minuta Leptotila verreauxi Leptotila cassini Geotrygon veraguensis Geotrygon montana
Psittacidae
1 C 1 U 2 U 1 FC 1 C 4 X 1 C 1 FC 1 C 1 C ? X	Crimson-fronted Parakeet Olive-throated Parakeet Great Green Macaw Scarlet Macaw Orange-chinned Parakeet s Red-fronted Parrotlet Brown-hooded Parrot White-crowned Parrot Red-lored Parrot Mealy Parrot Yellow-crowned Parrot	Aratinga finschi Aratinga nana Ara ambiguus Ara macao Brotogeris jugulari Touit costaricensis Pyrilia haematotis Pionus senilis Amazona autumnalis Amazona farinosa Amazona ochrocephala
Cuculidae
1 FC 1 U 1 C	Squirrel Cuckoo Striped Cuckoo Groove-billed Ani	Piaya cayana Tapera naevia Crotophaga sulcirostris
Tytonidae
1 U	Barn Owl	Tyto alba
Strigidae
1 C 1 U 1 R 1 C 1 U 1 R 1 R	Vermiculated Screech Owl Crested Owl Spectacled Owl Pygmy Owl Mottled Owl Black and White Owl Striped Owl	Megascops guatemalae Lophostrix cristata Pulsatrix perspicillata Glaucidium sp. Cicaba virgata Ciccaba nigrolineata Pseudoscops clamator
Caprimulgidae
1 FC 1 X 1 C	Short-tailed Nighthawk Lesser Nighthawk Common Pauraque	Lurocalis semitorquatus Chordeiles acutipennis Nyctidromus albicollis
Nyctibiidae
1 R 1 FC	Great Potoo Common Potoo	Nyctibius grandis Nyctibius griseus
Apodidae
1 FC 2 X 1 C 1 U	White-collared Swift Vaux’s Swift Gray-rumped Swift Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift	Streptoprocne zonaris Chaetura vauxi Chaetura cinereiventris Panyptila cayennensis
Trochilidae
! R 1 R 1 FC 1 FC 1 R 1 FC 5 X 5 X ? X 4 R 4 X 1 FC 4 X 1 U 1 R 4 X 1 C 4 X 1 U 1 U 2 X	Bronzy Hermit Band-tailed Barbthroat Long-billed Hermit Stripe-throated (Little) strigigularis Scaly-breasted Hummingbird White-necked Jacobin Brown Violetear Green-breasted Mango Violet-headed Hummingbird Black-crested Coquette Green Thorntail Violet-crowned Woodnymph Magenta-throated Woodstar Blue-throated Goldentail Blue-chested Hummingbird Steely-vented Hummingbird Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Snowcap Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer Purple-crowned Fairy Ruby-throated Hummingbird	Glaucis aeneus Threnetes ruckeri Phaethornis longirostris Hermit Phaethornis Phaeochroa cuvierii Florisuga mellivora Colibri delphinae Anthracothorax prevostii Klais guimeti Lophornis helenae Discosura conversii Thalurania columbica Calliphlox bryantae Hylocharis eliciae Amazilia amabilis Amazilia saucerrottei Amazilia tzacatl Microchera albocoronata Chalybura urochrysia Heliothryx barroti Archilochus colubris
Trogonidae
1 X 1 X 5 X 1 U 1 FC	Slaty-tailed Black-headed Trogon Baird’s Trogon Gartered (Violaceous) Trogon Black-throated Trogon	Trogon massena Trogon melanocephalus Trogon bairdii Trogon caligatus Trogon rufus
Momotidae
1 U 1 U	Rufous Motmot Broad-billed Motmot	Baryphthengus martii Electron platyrhynchum
Alcedinidae
1 FC 2 U 1 FC 1 C 4 R 1 R	Ringed Kingfisher Belted Kingfisher Amazon Kingfisher Green Kingfisher Green-and-rufous Kingfisher American Pygmy Kingfisher	Megaceryle torquata Megaceryle alcyon Chloroceryle amazona Chloroceryle americana Chloroceryle inda Chloroceryle aenea
Bucconidae
1 R 1 FC 1 R 1 R	White-necked Puffbird Pied Puffbird White-whiskered Puffbird White-fronted Nunbird	Notharchus hyperrhynchus Notharchus tectus Malacoptila panamensis Monasa morphoeus
Galbulidae
1 R 1 VR	Rufous-tailed Jacamar Great Jacamar	Galbula ruficauda Jacamerops aureus
Rhamphastidae
1 C 4 X 1 FC 1 FC	Collared Aracari Yellow-eared Toucanet Keel-billed Toucan Black (Chestnut)-mandibled Toucan	Pteroglossus torquatus Selenidera spectabilis Rhamphastos sulfuratus Rhamphastos ambiguus
Picidae
1 C 2 VR 1 R 1 U 1 U 1 X 1 FC 1 FC	Black-cheeked Woodpecker Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Smoky-brown Woodpecker Rufous-winged Woodpecker Cinnamon Woodpecker Chestnut-colored Woodpecker Lineated Woodpecker Pale-billed Woodpecker	Melanerpes pucherani Sphyrapicus varius Fumigatus veniliornis Piculus simplex Celeus loricatus Celeus castaneus Dryocopus lineatus Campephilus guatemalensis

Acknoledgements This bird list represents the latest revision (2012) following the previous editions of 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2002. In addition to my field studies in the region (1997-2012), the LDL bird list is the result of many hours of field observations by several experienced ornithologists and other biologists working in the area during the past twenty years. Indeed, the LDL bird list continues to be a collaborative effort and is a significant contribution to ornithology in northern Costa Rica. I am indebted to the following individuals for their excellent work (in alphabetical order): Oscar Artavia, Didier Castro, Mark Digirolamo, Adolfo Gonzalez, Tyler Hicks, Dan Keller, Gerard Phillips, and Nicholas Wilkinson.

Pagina 1 Pagina 2 Pagina 3 Pagina 4

Bird Species List
Status Codes:
1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = ? =	Permanent resident Wintering species (Sept.- April) Passant migrant only – usually spring & fall Sporadic visitor-from up slope or elsewhere Out of normal range, accidental status unclear, more data needed
Sighting Frequency Codes:
C FC U R VR X	= Common. Seen or heard daily. = Fairly common. Usually seen or heard daily. = Uncommon. May be seen weekly but could be missed. = Rare. Seen or heard monthly; local and/or secretive habits. = Very rare. Low population numbers; difficult to find, even in the right habitat. = Occasional. Unexpected; fewer than 5 documented occurrences.

Thamnophilidae
1 R 1 R 1 R 1 U 4 X 4 VR 1 FC 1 U 1 C 1 FC 1 R 1 C 1 U 1 U 1 U	Fasciated Antshrike Great Antshrike Barred Antshrike Western Slaty-Antshrike Russet Antshrike Plain Antvireo Streak-crowned Antvireo Checker-throated Antwren White-flanked Antwren Dot-winged Antwren Bare-crowned Antbird Chestnut-backed Antbird Spotted Antbird Bicolored Antbird Ocellated Antbird	Cymbilaimus lineatus Taraba major Thamnophilus doliatus Thamnophilus atrinucha Thamnistes anabatinus Dysithamnus mentalis Dysithamnus striaticeps Epinecrophylla fulviventris Myrmotherula axillaris Microrhopias quixensis Gymnocichla nudiceps Myrmeciza exsul Hylophylax naeviodes Gymnopithys leucaspis Phaenostictus mcleannani
Grallariidae
1 R	Streak-chested Antpitta	Hylopezus perspicillatus
Formicariidae
1 FC 1 VR 1 FC 1 R 1 U 1 FC 4 X 1 VR 1 C 1 U 1 U 1 R 1 FC 1 R 1 C	Black-faced Antthrush Scaly-throated Leaftosser Slaty Spinetail Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner Plain Xenops Plain brown Woodcreeper Ruddy Woodcreeper Long-tailed Woodcreeper Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Northern Barred Woodcreeper Cocoa Woodcreeper Buff-throated Woodcreeper Black-striped Woodcreeper Spotted Woodcreeper Streak-headed Woodcreeper	Formicarius analis Sclerurus guatemalensis Synallaxis brachyuran Automolus ochrolaemus Xenops minutus Dendrocincla fuliginosa Dendrocincla homochroa Deconychura longicauda Glyphorynchus spirurus Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae Xiphorhynchus susurrans Xiphorhynchus guttatus Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus Xiphorhynchus erythropygius Lepidocolaptes souleyetii
Tyrannidae
1 R 1 R 1 FC 1 FC 1 U 4 VR 1 C 1 U 1 VR 1 R 1 C 1 R 1 U 1 R ? X 1 R 1 R 2 R 1 C 4 X 2 U 2 R 2V 2 X 1 FC 1 FC 1 FC 1 FC 2 U 1 C 1 C 1 C 1 FC 1 FC ? X 1 C 3 R ? X	Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet Brown-capped Tyrannulet Yellow Tyrannulet Yellow-bellied Elaenia Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Sepia-capped Flycatcher Paltry (Mistletoe) Black-capped Pygmy Northern Bentbill Slate-colored Tody-Flycatcher Common Tody Flycatcher Yellow-olive Flycatcher Yellow-margined Flycatcher Golden-crowned Spadebill Royal Flycatcher Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher Eastern Wood-Pewee Tropical Pewees Yellowish Flycatcher Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Acadian Flycatcher Willow Flycatcher Least Flycatcher Long-tailed Tyrant Bright-rumped Attila Rufous Mourner Dusky-capped Flycatcher Great-crested Flycatcher Great Kiskadee Boat-billed Flycatcher Social Flycatcher Gray-capped Flycatcher White-ringed Flycatcher Streaked Flycatcher Tropical Kingbird Eastern Kingbird Fork-tailed Flycatcher	Ornithion semiflavum Ornithion brunneicapillus Capsiempis flaveola Elaenia flavogaster Mionectes oleaginous Leptopogon amaurocephalus Tyrannulet Zimmerius vilissimus Tyrant Myiornis atricapillus Oncostoma cinereigulare Poecilotriccus Sylvia Todirostrum cinereum Tolmomyias sulphurescens Tolmomyias assimilis Platyrinchus coronatus Onychorhynchus coronatus Terenotriccus erythurus Myiobius sulphureipygius Contopus virens Contopus cinereu Empidonax flavescens Empidonax flaviventris Empidonax virescens Empidonax traillii Empidonax minimus Colonia colonus Attila spadiceus Rhytipterna holerythra Myiarchus tuberculifer Myiarchus crinitus Pitangus sulphuratus Megarhynchus pitangua Myiozetetes similis Myiozetetes granadensis Conopias albovittatus Myiodynastes maculatus Tyrannus melancholicus Tyrannus tyrannus Tyrannus savanna
Genus Incertae Sedis
4 X	Gray-headed Piprites	Piprites griseiceps
Tityridae
1 FC 1 FC 1 U 1 FC 1 U	Thrush-like Schiffornis Masked Tityra Black-crowned Tityra Cinnamon Becard White-winged Becard	Schiffornis turdina Tityra semifasciata Tityra inquisitor Pachyramphus cinnamomeus Pachyramphus polychopterus
Cotingidae
1 R 4 X 1 U	Rufous Piha Three-wattled Bellbird Snowy Cotinga	Lipaugus unirufus Procnias tricarunculatus Carpodectes nitidus
Pipridae
1 FC 4 X 1 FC	White-collared Manakin White-ruffed Manakin Red-capped Manakin	Manacus candei Corapipo altera Pipra mentalis
Vireonidae
2 U 2 X 3 FC 1 U 1 C 1 R	Yellow-throated Vireo Warbling Vireo Red-eyed Vireo Tawny-crowned Greenlet Lesser Greenlet Green Shrike-Vireo	Vireo flavifrons Vireo gilvus Vireo olivaceus Hylophilus ochraceiceps Hylophilus decurtatus Vireolanius pulchellus
Corvidae
4 VR	Brown Jay	Psilorhinus morio
Hirundinidae
1 FC 3 C 1 FC 4 R 2 R 1 C 3 X 2 X 2 C	Gray-breasted Martin Tree Swallow Mangrove Swallow Blue-and-white Swallow Northern Rough-winged Swallow Southern Rough-winged Swallow Bank Swallow Cliff Swallow Barn Swallow	Progne chalybea Tachycineta bicolor Tachycineta albilinea Pygochelidon cyanoleuca Stelgidopteryx serripennis Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Riparia riparia Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Hirundo rustica
Troglodytidae
1 U 1 R 1 FC 1 R 1 R 1 C 1 C 1 FC	Band-backed Wren Black-throated Wren Bay Wren Stripe-breasted Wren Plain Wren House Wren White-breasted Wood-Wren Song Wren	Campylorhynchus zonatus Thryothorus atrogularis Thryothorus nigricapillus Thryothorus leucopogon Thryothorus modestus Troglodytes aedon Heniocorhina leucosticta Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus
Polioptilidae
1 FC 1 FC 1 C	Tawny-faced Gnatwren Long-billed Gnatwren Tropical Gnatcatcher	Microbates cinereiventris Ramphocaenus melanurus Polioptila plumbea

Acknoledgements This bird list represents the latest revision (2012) following the previous editions of 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2002. In addition to my field studies in the region (1997-2012), the LDL bird list is the result of many hours of field observations by several experienced ornithologists and other biologists working in the area during the past twenty years. Indeed, the LDL bird list continues to be a collaborative effort and is a significant contribution to ornithology in northern Costa Rica. I am indebted to the following individuals for their excellent work (in alphabetical order): Oscar Artavia, Didier Castro, Mark Digirolamo, Adolfo Gonzalez, Tyler Hicks, Dan Keller, Gerard Phillips, and Nicholas Wilkinson.

Pagina 1 Pagina 2 Pagina 3 Pagina 4

Bird Species List
Status Codes:
1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = ? =	Permanent resident Wintering species (Sept.- April) Passant migrant only – usually spring & fall Sporadic visitor-from up slope or elsewhere Out of normal range, accidental status unclear, more data needed
Sighting Frequency Codes:
C FC U R VR X	= Common. Seen or heard daily. = Fairly common. Usually seen or heard daily. = Uncommon. May be seen weekly but could be missed. = Rare. Seen or heard monthly; local and/or secretive habits. = Very rare. Low population numbers; difficult to find, even in the right habitat. = Occasional. Unexpected; fewer than 5 documented occurrences.

Turdidae
2 R 2 FC 1 C 4 R	Swainson’s Thrush Wood Thrush Clay-colored Thrush White-throated Thrush	Catharus ustulatus Hylocichla mustelina Turdus grayi Turdus assimilis
Mimidae
2 R	Gray Catbird	Dumetella carolinensis
Bombycillidae
5 X	Cedar Waxwing	Bombycilla cedrorum
Parulidae
2 U 2 VR ? X 2 FC 2 U 2 FC 2 FC 1 FC 2 R 2 U 1 U 2 R 2 FC 3 R 2 R 3 FC 2 VR 2 U 2 C 2 X 2 X 1 FC 3 R	Ovenbird Worm-eating Warbler Louisiana Waterthrush Northern Waterthrush Golden-winged Warbler Black-and-white Warbler Tennessee Warbler Gray-crowned Yellowthoat Mourning Warbler Kentucky Warbler Olive-crowned Yellowthroat Hooded Warbler American Redstart Cerulean Warbler Magnolia Warbler Bay-breasted Warbler Blackburnian Warbler Yellow Warbler Chestnut-sided Warbler Palm Warbler Yellow-throated Warbler Buff-rumped Warbler Canada Warbler	Seiurus aurocapilla Helmintheros vermivorum Parkesia motacilla Parkesia noveboracensis Vermivora chrysoptera Mniotilta varia Oreothlypis peregrine Geothlypis poliocephala Geothlypis Philadelphia Geothlypis formosa Geothlypis semiflava Setophaga citrina Setophaga ruticilla Setophaga cerulea Setophaga magnolia Setophaga castanea Setophaga fusca Setophaga petechia Setophaga pensylvanica Setophaga palmarum Setophaga dominica Myiothlypis fulvicauda Cardellina Canadensis
Genus Incertae Sedis
1 C 1 R 1 U 1 FC 1 R 4 VR 1 C 1 C 1 C 1 C 1 X 2 X 4 R 1 U 1 U 1 U 1 FC 1 U	Bananaquit Dusky-faced Tanager White-shouldered Tanager Tawny-crested Tanager White-lined Tanager Crimson-collared Tanager Passerini’s Tanager Blue-gray Tanager Palm Tanager Golden-hooded Tanager Plain-colored Tanager Rufous-winged Tanager Bay-headed Tanager Scarlet-thighed Dacnis Blue Dacnis Green Honeycreeper Shining Honeycreeper Red-legged Honeycreeper	Coereba flaveola Mitrospingus cassinii Tachyphonus luctosus Tachyphonus delatrii Tachyphonus rufus Ramphocelus sanguinolentus Ramphocelus passerinii Thraupis episcopus Thraupis palmarum Tangara larvata Tangara inornata Tangara lavinia Tangara gyrola Dacnis venusta Dacnis cayana Chlorophanes spiza Cyanerpes lucidus Cyanerpes cyaneus
Genus Incertae Sedis
5 X 1 R 1 C 1 U 1 VR	Streaked Saltator Grayish Saltator Buff-throated Saltator Black-headed Saltator Slate-colored Grosbeak	Saltator striatipectus Saltator coerulescens Saltator maximus Saltator atriceps Saltator grossus
Emberizidae
C 1 C 1 FC 1 X 1 U 1 U 1 U 1 FC	Blue-black Grassquit Variable Seedeater White-collared Seedeater Nicaraguan Seedfinch Thick-billed Seedfinch Yellow-faced Grassquit Orange-billed Sparrow Black-striped Sparrow	Volatinia jacarina Sporophila americana Sporophila torqueola Oryzoborus nuttingi Oryzoborus funereus Tiaris olivaceus Arremon aurantiirostris Arremonops conirostris
Cardinalidae
4 X 2 FC 3 R 1 U 1 FC 2 R 1 C	Hepatic Tanager Summer Tanager Scarlet Tanager Red-throated Ant-Tanager Carmiol’s (Olive) Tanager Rose-breasted Grosbeak Blue-black Grosbeak	Piranga flava Piranga rubra Piranga olivacea Habia fuscicauda Chlorothraupis carmioli Pheucticus ludovicianus Cyanocompsa cyanoides
Fringillidae
1 C 1 U 4 X 1 U 4 R	Olive-backed Euphonia White-vented Euphonia Tawny-capped Euphonia Yellow-crowned Euphonia Yellow-throated Euphonia	Euphonia gouldi Euphonia minuta Euphonia anneae Euphonia luteicapilla Euphonia hirundinacea
Passeridae
1 VR 2 R 2 X	House Sparrow Indigo Bunting Dickcissel	Passer domesticus Passerina cyanea Spiza americana
Icteridae
1 FC 1 U 1 U 4 X 1 U 1 R 1 U 2 X 1 R 1 C 1 U 1 FC 4 X 1 C	Red-winged Blackbird Eastern Meadowlark Great-tailed Grackle Nicaraguan Grackle Bronzed Cowbird Giant Cowbird Black-cowled Oriole Orchard Oriole Yellow-tailed Oriole Baltimore Oriole Yellow-billed Cacique Scarlet-rumped Cacique Chestnut-headed Oropendola Montezuma Oropendola	Agelaius phoeniceus Sturnella magna Quiscalus mexicanus Quiscalus nicaraguensis Molothrus aeneus Molothrus oryzivorus Icterus prosthemelas Icterus spurius Icterus mesomelas Icterus galbula Amblycercus holosericeus Cacicus uropygialis Psarocolius wagleri Psarocolius montezuma

Acknoledgements This bird list represents the latest revision (2012) following the previous editions of 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2002. In addition to my field studies in the region (1997-2012), the LDL bird list is the result of many hours of field observations by several experienced ornithologists and other biologists working in the area during the past twenty years. Indeed, the LDL bird list continues to be a collaborative effort and is a significant contribution to ornithology in northern Costa Rica. I am indebted to the following individuals for their excellent work (in alphabetical order): Oscar Artavia, Didier Castro, Mark Digirolamo, Adolfo Gonzalez, Tyler Hicks, Dan Keller, Gerard Phillips, and Nicholas Wilkinson.